Symptoms of Hydrocephalus: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

 Hydrocephalus, commonly known as “water on the brain,” is a serious neurological condition caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain ventricles. This extra fluid increases pressure within the skull, leading to brain damage if left untreated. The condition can occur at any age but is most often seen in infants, older children, and adults over 60.


 What is Hydrocephalus?


Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear liquid that flows around the brain and spinal cord, protecting the nervous system, removing waste, and delivering nutrients. In hydrocephalus, the flow or absorption of CSF is blocked, leading to fluid buildup. This results in enlarged ventricles and increased intracranial pressure.



If not treated on time, hydrocephalus may cause developmental delays in children, memory loss in adults, and even life-threatening complications.


 Symptoms of Hydrocephalus


The clinical features of hydrocephalus vary depending on age, but some common symptoms include:

Rapid increase in head size (especially in infants)Bulging fontanel (soft spot) on the top of the headSevere headaches that may worsen in the morningBalance problems and difficulty walkingLoss of bladder control or frequent urinationNausea, vomiting, or vision problemsCognitive decline, memory loss, or confusion (especially in adults)


 Early recognition of these symptoms is extremely important for timely treatment.


 Causes of Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus may develop due to several reasons, including:

Congenital hydrocephalus – present at birth due to abnormal brain development.Infections – meningitis or other brain infections.


Brain tumors – blocking the normal CSF flow.


Head injury – trauma leading to bleeding or fluid blockage.


Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) – occurs in elderly people, often linked with dementia-like symptoms.


 Diagnosis of Hydrocephalus


Doctors use advanced imaging techniques to detect hydrocephalus, such as:

MRI Scan – detailed images of the brain and ventricles.

CT Scan – useful for detecting enlarged ventricles.

Ultrasound – often used in infants to check for fluid buildup.


A neurologist or neurosurgeon will also check for gait (walking) problems, memory issues, and other clinical signs.


 Treatment of Hydrocephalus


Treatment depends on the patient’s age, overall health, and severity of the condition. The most common options are:


1. Shunt Surgery


    A thin, flexible tube is inserted in the brain ventricles.

    It diverts excess fluid to another part of the body (usually the abdomen).

    Requires lifelong monitoring to avoid blockage or infection.


2. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)


    A minimally invasive surgery.

    A small opening is created in the brain’s ventricle to restore normal CSF flow.

    Often used in older children and adults.


With proper treatment, patients can lead normal and healthy lives.


 Living with Hydrocephalus


Regular check-ups with a neurosurgeon are essential.Physical therapy may help improve balance and walking difficulties.Family support and awareness are crucial to improving quality of life.Early detection and timely treatment can prevent long-term complications.

Consultations available at:

Jehangir Hospital
📍 32, Sassoon Road, near Pune Railway Station, Pune — 411001

Sainath Hospital
📍 Sant Nagar, Pune — Nashik Highway, Moshi Pradhikaran, Moshi, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Maharashtra — 411070

📞 Contact Details:

📱 +91 98220 46043
🌐 www.drdilipkiyawatneurosurgeon.com
📧 drdilipkiyawatneurosurgeon@gmail.com
📱 Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube


 Conclusion


Hydrocephalus is a complex condition, but with early diagnosis and advanced treatment options such as shunt systems and ETV surgery, patients can recover and live fulfilling lives. Recognizing symptoms like a rapid increase in head size, frequent headaches, bladder problems, and balance difficulties is the key to timely medical care.


If you or a loved one experiences these signs, consult a qualified neurosurgeon immediately.





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